John Locke (/ lɒk /; 29 August (O.S.) – 28 October (O.S.)) [11] was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of the Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism ". [12][13][14] Locke lived through the tumultuous political era of the English Civil War and Commonwealth of England after the execution of.